TD Immunology

Immunology C

Directed work in immunology

Directed work in animal physiology

Animal Physiology is the branch of biology that studies the functional mechanisms that allow animals to live, grow, reproduce, and adapt to their environment. It focuses on how different organs and systems — such as the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, nervous, and endocrine systems — work individually and together to maintain internal balance (homeostasis). Directed work in Animal Physiology is designed not to only study of Animal different animal systems, but also to study how these systems vary across different animal groups.

Microbiology

Animal physiology

The study of animal physiology aims to understand how biological systems function at molecular, cellular, and systemic levels to maintain homeostasis. It involves comparative analysis across species to explore evolutionary adaptations and mechanistic insights into essential processes such as respiration, circulation, and digestion . Additionally, animal physiology examines how species adapt to diverse environmental conditions, from extreme temperatures to varying oxygen levels.